Logical Thinking

Q: What is a fallacy in logic?

A fallacy in logic is an error in reasoning that undermines the validity of an argument. Fallacies often arise when an argument appears persuasive but lacks logical coherence or factual accuracy. They are categorized into types such as: Fallacies of relevance: Arguments where the premises are not related to the conclusion (e.g., ad hominem). Fallacies of defective induction: Conclusions drawn from insufficient or biased evidence (e.g., hasty generalization). Fallacies of ambiguity: Misleading arguments due to vague or ambiguous language (e.g., equivocation).

Learn critical thinking and logical reasoning to create valid arguments, avoid logical fallacies, and solve real-world problems using tools like if-then implications and Aristotle’s logic.

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37 Lessons

Updated 1 month ago

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Critical and logical thinking are essential in today’s democratic society and professional organizations. This course lays a foundation for these skills by embedding logic into everyday language and situations. You will learn to create logically valid arguments, recognize and avoid logical fallacies, and focus on the form of an argument rather than its content. You’ll explore how to prove the validity or invalidity of arguments and understand the historical development of logic from Aristotle’s syllogism to modern predicate logic. By the end of the course, you’ll be equipped to tackle real-world problems more effectively using logical operators, if-then implications, and other tools in logical reasoning. You’ll gain skills in using logic and language judiciously in both your professional and civic life.

Critical and logical thinking are essential in today’s democratic society and professional organizations. This course lays a fou...Show More

WHAT YOU'LL LEARN

A strong foundation in critical thinking and its relationship to problem-solving in real-world problems

An understanding of logical fallacies, such as fallacies of relevance and ambiguity, and learning to recognize them in everyday arguments

The ability to structure a logical argument and evaluate it based on the laws of logic and building blocks like categorical syllogism and categorical propositions

Proficiency in resolving real-world problems through knowledge and reasoning using modern logic and its tools, including logical operators and if-then implications

A strong foundation in critical thinking and its relationship to problem-solving in real-world problems

TAKEAWAY SKILLS

Logic building

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is logical thinking?

Logical thinking is the ability to analyze a situation systematically, evaluate evidence, and draw sound conclusions based on reasoning and facts. It involves creating valid arguments, identifying logical relationships, and solving problems using structured and coherent approaches.

What is a fallacy in logic?

A fallacy in logic is an error in reasoning that undermines the validity of an argument. Fallacies often arise when an argument appears persuasive but lacks logical coherence or factual accuracy. They are categorized into types such as:

Fallacies of relevance: Arguments where the premises are not related to the conclusion (e.g., ad hominem).
Fallacies of defective induction: Conclusions drawn from insufficient or biased evidence (e.g., hasty generalization).
Fallacies of ambiguity: Misleading arguments due to vague or ambiguous language (e.g., equivocation).

What is an example of a proposition in logic?

A proposition is a declarative statement that is either true or false but not both. Example: All humans are mortal. This is a proposition because it expresses a clear statement with a truth value.

What is a predicate term in logic?

A predicate term in logic is the part of a statement that describes a property, characteristic, or relationship about the subject. In predicate logic, it is often represented as a function or a relation.

**Example:** In the statement “All cats are mammals,” the predicate term is “are mammals,” which describes the property of the subject “cats.”

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