The if-else Construct
Explore how the if-else construct allows you to make conditional decisions in Go programs. Understand how to write clear, readable conditions, use else if branches effectively, and implement initialization statements within if conditions to control execution flow precisely.
We'll cover the following...
Introduction
Until now, we have seen that a Go program starts executing in main() and sequentially executes the statements in that function. However, we often want to execute certain statements only if a condition is met, which means we want to make decisions in our code. For this, Go provides the following conditional or branching structures:
- The
if-elseconstruct - The
switch-caseconstruct - The
selectconstruct
Repeating one or more statements (a task) can be done with the iterative or looping structure:
for(range) construct
Some other keywords like break and continue can also alter the behavior of the loop. There is also a return keyword to leave a body of statements and a goto keyword to jump the execution to a label in the code.
Go entirely omits the parentheses ( and ) around conditions in if, switch and for-loops, creating less visual clutter than in Java, C++ or C#.
The if-else Construct
The if tests a conditional statement. That statement can be logical or boolean. If the statement evaluates to true, the body of statements between { } after the if is executed, and if it is false, these statements are ignored and the statement following the if after } is executed.
if condition {
// do something
}
In a 2nd variant, an else, with a body of statements surrounded by { }, is appended, which is executed when the condition is false. It means we have two exclusive branches, and only one of them is executed:
if condition {
// do something
} else {
// do something else
}
In a 3rd ...
