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Solution: First Missing Positive

Explore how to efficiently find the smallest missing positive integer in an unsorted array by implementing cyclic sort. Understand how this approach places each number at its correct index to achieve O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity, enabling you to solve this common coding interview problem with optimal performance.

Statement

Given an unsorted integer array, nums, return the smallest missing positive integer. Create an algorithm that runs with an O(n)O(n) time complexity and utilizes a constant amount of space.

Note: The smallest missing positive isn’t the first positive number that’s missing in the range of elements in the input, but the first positive number that’s missing if we start from 11.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq nums.length 105\leq 10^5 ...