Solution: Sort Colors
Explore how to efficiently sort an array containing elements 0, 1, and 2 without built-in sorting functions. Understand and implement the two pointers technique to organize colors in a single pass, optimizing time to O(n) and using constant space. This lesson guides you through swapping steps and pointer adjustments to solve this classic interview problem.
Statement
Given an array, colors, which contains a combination of the following three elements:
0 (Representing red)
1 (Representing white)
2 (Representing blue)
Sort the array in place so that the elements of the same color are adjacent, and the final order is: red (0), then white (1), and then blue (2).
Note: You are not allowed to use any built-in sorting functions. The goal is to solve this efficiently without extra space.
Constraints:
colors.length...