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Solution: Perfect Squares

Explore a mathematical approach to determine the smallest count of perfect squares that sum to a given number. Learn to apply the Four-Square theorem and Three-Square theorem through step-by-step checks to solve the problem efficiently without exhaustive search.

Statement

Given an integer, n, return the least number of perfect square numbers that sum to n.

A perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer. In other words, it is an integer that is the result of multiplying a whole integer by itself. For example, 11, ...