Solution: Sum of All Subset XOR Totals
Explore how to calculate the sum of XOR totals for every possible subset of an integer array by applying bitwise operations. Understand how to use bitwise OR to identify significant bits and then scale the result to account for all subsets. This lesson helps you implement an efficient solution that avoids exponential time complexity by leveraging properties of binary operations.
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Statement
Given an array of integers, nums, compute and return the sum of XOR totals for all its possible subsets.
A subset is any combination of elements from the original array,
nums. This includes the empty subset (containing no elements) and the subset that includes all array elements.The XOR total of a subset results from applying the XOR operation to all the elements in that subset.
Note: If the
numsarray has duplicate elements, then ...