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Solution: Sort an Array

Understand how to sort an integer array in ascending order using heap sort. Discover the step-by-step process of building a max heap, repeatedly extracting the largest element, and maintaining the heap property to achieve efficient O(n log n) time complexity with minimal space usage.

Statement

Given an integer array, nums, sort it in ascending order and return the sorted array.

You must implement the sorting algorithm yourself; do not use any built-in sorting functions. The solution must run in O(nlogn)O(n \log n) time and use the minimum possible extra space.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq nums.length ...