Solution: Vertical Order Traversal of a Binary Tree

Explore the approach to perform vertical order traversal of a binary tree by applying breadth-first search. Understand how to use a hash map and queue to track nodes by column index and maintain their order, optimizing both time and space complexity in your solution.

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Statement
Solution
- Naive approach
- Optimized approach using tree breadth-first search

Statement

Find the vertical order traversal of a binary tree when the root of the binary tree is given. In other words, return the values of the nodes from top to bottom in each column, column by column from left to right. If there is more than one node in the same column and row, return the values from left to right.

Constraints:

The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [1, 500].
$0 \leq$ Node.data $\leq 1000$

Solution

So far, you’ve probably brainstormed some approaches and have an idea of how to solve this problem. Let’s explore some of these ...