INTERACTIVE COURSE

Operating Systems: Virtualization, Concurrency & Persistence

Intermediate

477 Lessons

40h

Certificate of Completion

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Course Overview

When it comes to operating systems, there are three main concepts: virtualization, concurrency, and persistence. These concepts lay the foundation for understanding how an operating system works. In this extensive course, you'll cover each of those in its entirety....Show More

Course Contents

Introduction

9 Lessons

A Dialogue on the Course

Introduction to Operating Systems

Virtualizing The CPU

Virtualizing Memory

Concurrency

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Virtualization: Processes

11 Lessons

A Dialogue on Virtualization Introduction to Processes The Abstraction: A Process Process API Process Creation: A Little More Detail

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Virtualization: Process API

10 Lessons

Introduction to Process API The fork() System Call The wait() System Call Finally, The exec() System Call Why? Motivating the API

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Virtualization: Direct Execution

8 Lessons

Introduction to Direct Execution Basic Technique: Limited Direct Execution Problem #1: Restricted Operations Problem #2: Switching Between Processes Worried About Concurrency?

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Virtualization: CPU Scheduling

12 Lessons

Introduction to CPU Scheduling Workload Assumptions and Scheduling Metrics First In, First Out (FIFO)Shortest Job First (SJF)Shortest Time-to-Completion First (STCF)

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Virtualization: Multi-Level Feedback

10 Lessons

Introduction to Multi-Level Feedback MLFQ: Basic Rules Attempt #1: How To Change Priority Attempt #2: The Priority Boost Attempt #3: Better Accounting

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Virtualization: Lottery Scheduling

13 Lessons

Introduction to Lottery Scheduling Basic Concept: Tickets Represent Your Share Ticket Mechanisms Implementation An Example

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Virtualization: Multi-CPU Scheduling

12 Lessons

Introduction to Multi-CPU Scheduling Background: Multiprocessor Architecture Don’t Forget Synchronization One Final Issue: Cache Affinity Single-Queue Scheduling

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Virtualization: Address Space

8 Lessons

A Dialogue on Memory Virtualization Early Systems Multiprogramming and Time Sharing The Address Space Goals

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Virtualization: Memory API

10 Lessons

Introduction to Memory API Types of Memory The malloc() Call The free() Call Common Errors

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Virtualization: Address Translation

10 Lessons

Introduction to Address Translation Assumptions An Example Dynamic (Hardware-based) Relocation Hardware Support: A Summary

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Virtualization: Segmentation

11 Lessons

Introduction to Segmentation Segmentation: Generalized Base/Bounds Which Segment Are We Referring To?What About The Stack?Support for Sharing

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Virtualization: Free Space Management

9 Lessons

Introduction to Free Space Management Assumptions Low-level Mechanisms Basic Strategies Other Approaches

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Virtualization: Introduction to Paging

10 Lessons

Introduction to Paging A Simple Example And Overview Where Are Page Tables Stored?What’s Actually In The Page Table?Paging: Also Too Slow

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Virtualization: Translation Lookaside Buffers

11 Lessons

Introduction to Translation Lookaside Buffers TLB Basic Algorithm Example: Accessing An Array Who Handles The TLB Miss?TLB Contents: What’s In There?

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Virtualization: Advanced Page Tables

10 Lessons

Introduction to Advanced Page Tables Simple Solution: Bigger Pages Hybrid Approach: Paging and Segments Multi-level Page Tables Inverted Page Tables

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Virtualization: Swapping: Mechanisms

11 Lessons

Introduction to Swapping: Mechanisms Swap Space The Present Bit The Page Fault What If Memory Is Full?

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Virtualization: Swapping: Policies

16 Lessons

Introduction to Swapping: Policies Cache Management The Optimal Replacement Policy A Simple Policy: FIFO Another Simple Policy: Random

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Virtualization: Complete VM Systems

14 Lessons

Introduction to Complete VM Systems VAX/VMS Virtual Memory: Memory Management Hardware VAX/VMS Virtual Memory: A Real Address Space VAX/VMS Virtual Memory: Page Replacement VAX/VMS Virtual Memory: Other Neat Tricks

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Concurrency: Concurrency and Threads

12 Lessons

A Dialogue on Concurrency Introduction to Concurrency and Threads Why Use Threads?An Example: Thread Creation Why It Gets Worse: Shared Data

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Concurrency: Thread API

10 Lessons

Introduction to Thread API Thread Creation Thread Completion Locks Condition Variables

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Concurrency: Locks

20 Lessons

Introduction to Locks Locks: The Basic Idea Pthread Locks Building a Lock Evaluating Locks

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Concurrency: Locked Data Structures

8 Lessons

Introduction to Locked Data Structures Concurrent Counters Concurrent Linked Lists Concurrent Queues Concurrent Hash Table

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Concurrency: Conditional Variables

10 Lessons

Introduction to Conditional Variables Definition and Routines The Producer/Consumer (Bounded Buffer) Problem Better, But Still Broken: While, Not If The Single Buffer Producer/Consumer Solution

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Concurrency: Semaphores

13 Lessons

Introduction to Semaphore Semaphores: A Definition Binary Semaphores (Locks)Semaphores for Ordering The Producer/Consumer (Bounded Buffer) Problem

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Concurrency: Concurrency Bugs

11 Lessons

Introduction to Concurrency Bugs What Types of Bugs Exist?Non-Deadlock Bugs Deadlock Bugs Prevention

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Concurrency: Event-Based Concurrency

12 Lessons

Introduction to Event-Based Concurrency The Basic Idea: An Event Loop An Important API: select() or poll()Using select()A Problem: Blocking System Calls

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Persistence: I/O Devices

13 Lessons

A Dialogue on Persistence Introduction to I/O Devices System Architecture A Canonical Device The Canonical Protocol

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Persistence: Hard Disk Drives

13 Lessons

Introduction to Hard Disk Drives The Interface Basic Geometry A Simple Disk Drive A Disk Drive with Multiple Tracks: Seek Time

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Persistence: Redundant Disk Arrays (RAID)

14 Lessons

Introduction to RAID Interface and RAID Internals Fault Model How to Evaluate a RAID RAID Level 0: Striping

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Persistence: Files and Directories

19 Lessons

Introduction to Files and Directories Files and Directories The File System Interface Reading and Writing Files Reading and Writing, but not Sequentially

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Persistence: File System Implementation

12 Lessons

Introduction to File System Implementation The Way to Think Overall Organization File Organization: The Inode Directory Organization

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Persistence: Fast File System

11 Lessons

Introduction to Fast File System The Problem: Poor Performance FFS: Disk Awareness Is The Solution Policies: How to Allocate Files and Directories Measuring File Locality

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Persistence: FSCK and Journaling

10 Lessons

Introduction to FSCK and Journaling A Detailed Example Solution #1: The File System Checker Solution #2: Journaling (or Write-Ahead Logging)Metadata Journaling

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Persistence: Log-Structured File System

17 Lessons

Introduction to Log-Structured File System Writing to Disk Sequentially Writing Sequentially and Effectively How Much to Buffer?Problem: Finding Inodes

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Persistence: Flash-based SSDs

16 Lessons

Introduction to Flash-based SSDs Storing a Single Bit From Bits to Banks/Planes Basic Flash Operations Flash Performance and Reliability

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Persistence: Data Integrity and Protection

14 Lessons

Introduction to Data Integrity and Protection Disk Failure Modes Handling Latent Sector Errors Detecting Corruption: The Checksum Using Checksums

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Distribution: Distributed Systems

10 Lessons

A Dialogue on Distribution Introduction to Distributed Systems Communication Basics Unreliable Communication Layers Reliable Communication Layers

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Distribution: Network File System (NFS)

14 Lessons

Introduction to Network File System (NFS)A Basic Distributed File System On to NFS Key to Fast Crash Recovery: Statelessness The NFSv2 Protocol

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Distribution: Andrew File System (AFS)

13 Lessons

Introduction to Andrew File System (AFS)AFS Version 1 Problems with Version 1 AFS Version 2 Cache Consistency

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COURSE AUTHOR(S)

How You'll Learn

You don’t get better at swimming by watching others. Coding is no different. Practice as you learn with live code environments inside your browser.

Videos are holding you back. The average video tutorial is spoken at 150 words per minute, while you can read at 250. That‘s why our courses are text-based.

Start learning immediately instead of fiddling with SDKs and IDEs. It‘s all on the cloud.

Built in assessments let you test your skills. Completion certificates let you show them off.

You don’t get better at swimming by watching others. Coding is no different. Practice as you learn with live code environments inside your browser.

Videos are holding you back. The average video tutorial is spoken at 150 words per minute, while you can read at 250. That‘s why our courses are text-based.

Start learning immediately instead of fiddling with SDKs and IDEs. It‘s all on the cloud.

Built in assessments let you test your skills. Completion certificates let you show them off.

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