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Solution: Perfect Squares

Explore how to solve the least number of perfect squares summing to a given integer by applying the Four-Square and Three-Square theorems. Understand the step-by-step mathematical approach that avoids brute force and optimizes performance for coding interviews.

Statement

Given an integer, n, return the least number of perfect square numbers that sum to n.

A perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer. In other words, it is an integer that is the result of multiplying a whole integer by itself. For example, 11, 44, 99, and 1616 are perfect squares, but 33, 55, and 1111 are not.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq ...