Solution: The Rule of Three

#include <iostream>
class HeapInt {
private:
    int* ptr;
public:
    // Constructor: Acquires resource (RAII)
    HeapInt(int value) {
        ptr = new int(value);
    }
    // Destructor: Releases resource
    ~HeapInt() {
        delete ptr;
    }
    // Copy constructor: Performs deep copy
    HeapInt(const HeapInt& other) {
        // Allocate new memory, then copy the value
        ptr = new int(*(other.ptr));
    }
    // Operator overloading
    bool operator==(const HeapInt& other) {
        // Compare the values inside, not the memory addresses
        return *ptr == *(other.ptr);
    }
    int getValue() const { return *ptr; }
};
int main() {
    HeapInt a(10);
    HeapInt b = a; // Calls copy constructor
    HeapInt c(20);
    if (a == b) std::cout << "a and b are equal (Deep Copy worked!)\n";
    else std::cout << "a and b are different\n";
    if (a == c) std::cout << "a and c are equal\n";
    else std::cout << "a and c are different\n";
    return 0;
}