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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns in Go

Solution: Sort Colors

Explore the Dutch National Flag algorithm to sort an array of colors represented by 0, 1, and 2 using a single pass and constant extra space. Understand how to use three pointers to partition the array efficiently and implement the solution with optimal time and space complexity.

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Statement

You are given an array nums of length n, where each element represents an object colored either red, white, or blue. The integers 0, 1, and 2 are used to represent red, white, and blue, respectively.

Sort the array in place so that all objects of the same color are grouped together, arranged in the order: red (0), white (1), and blue (2).

You must solve this problem without using any library sort function.

Note: Could you come up with a one ...