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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns in Go

Solution: Sum of All Subset XOR Totals

Understand how to efficiently calculate the sum of XOR totals for every subset in an array by applying bitwise OR operations and leveraging subset properties. This lesson helps you avoid generating all subsets and reduces time complexity to linear by focusing on binary bit patterns and their contributions.

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Statement

Given an array of integers, nums, compute and return the sum of XOR totals for all its possible subsets.

  • A subset is any combination of elements from the original array, nums. This includes the empty subset (containing no elements) and the subset that includes all array elements.

  • The XOR total of a subset results from applying the XOR operation to all the elements in that subset.

Note: If the nums array has duplicate elements, then ...