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System Design Deep Dive: Real-World Distributed Systems

Analysis and Evaluation of Two-Phase Locking (2PL)

Explore how Two-Phase Locking (2PL) ensures transaction serializability while addressing deadlocks through detection and prevention methods. Understand common limitations like reduced concurrency, unstable latencies, and frequent deadlocks that impact database performance. This lesson helps you evaluate 2PL trade-offs in real-world distributed systems.

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Handling of deadlocks

A situation might arise where transaction A is waiting for a long time for transaction B to finish, since we use a lot of locks simultaneously. In general, we refer to the situation where a cycle of transactions waits for one another to release locks as a deadlock.

A deadlock
A deadlock

The database automatically identifies deadlocks among the transactions. To resolve them, it relies on two approaches—detection and prevention.

Deadlocks detection

The database management system (DBMS) produces a waits-for graphA directed graph used for deadlock detection., where transactions will form the nodes. Consequently, an edge will form between two nodes, Ti and Tj, if Ti ...