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Decode the Coding Interview in Java: Real-World Examples

Feature #6: Identify a Species

Explore how to identify a species by finding the longest substring in a DNA sequence where no nucleotide repeats. Understand methods to track and update nucleotide positions efficiently, enabling analysis of DNA for species markers with linear time and space complexity.

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Description

The DNA for an alien species consists of a sequence of nucleotides. We can uniquely identify a species by finding the longest substring of nucleotides in the DNA, where no nucleotide appears twice. This substring of DNA is known as a species marker. Given an animal’s DNA, where each nucleotide is represented by a letter, we can find its species marker.

The following examples might clarify the requirements:

Solution

The basic idea is to traverse the entire sequence of nucleotides and search for a substring in which no nucleotides appear twice. For each visited nucleotide, we can store its last occurrence in a hash table, with the key as the nucleotide and the value as its last position in the sequence.

Here’s how we implement this feature.

  1. We initialize the following set of variables to 0 to keep track of the visited nucleotides:

    • stCurr: the starting index of the current substring.
    • longest: the length of the longest
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