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Functions Are Objects, Too

Explore how Python treats functions as first-class objects that can be passed around and called dynamically. Understand their attributes, use in event-driven programming, and how combining multiple functions can create flexible logic structures.

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Overview

There are numerous situations where we’d like to pass around a small object that is simply called to perform an action. In essence, we’d like an object that is a callable function. This is most frequently done in event-driven programming, such as graphical toolkits or asynchronous servers.

In Python, we don’t need to wrap such methods in a class definition because functions are already objects. We can set attributes on functions (though this isn’t a common activity), and we can ...