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DIY: UTF-8 Validation

Understand how to validate UTF-8 encoded data by implementing a function that checks integer arrays against UTF-8 byte format rules. Explore key encoding patterns and bit-level operations to build solutions relevant for cybersecurity and programming interviews.

Problem description

Given an integer array data, return whether it is a valid UTF-8 encoding.

A character in UTF8 can be from 1 to 4 bytes long, subject to the following rules:

  • For a 1 byte character, the first bit of the packet is 0, followed by its Unicode code.
  • For an n-bytes character, the first
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