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Problem: Substring with Concatenation of All Words

Explore how to apply hash tables and sliding window methods to solve the substring concatenation problem. Understand frequency maps, manage duplicates efficiently, and implement an optimized solution to find all valid starting indices in a string.

Statement

You are given a string s and an array of strings words, where every string in words has the same length.

A concatenated string is formed by taking any permutation of words and concatenating all the strings in that permutation together. In other words, it is a string that contains every element of words exactly in the order defined by some permutation, with no extra characters.

Return a list of all starting indices in s where a substring that is a concatenated string begins. The answer may be returned in any order.

Note: The array words may contain duplicate strings.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq s.length 104\leq 10^4

  • 11 \leq words.length 5000\leq 5000 ...