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Introduction to Top K Elements

Explore the top K elements pattern to identify the largest, smallest, or most frequent elements in an unsorted collection efficiently. Understand how to leverage min heaps or max heaps to reduce time complexity and solve real-world coding interview problems with this technique.

About the pattern

The top k elements pattern is an important technique in coding that helps us efficiently find a specific number of elements, known as kk, from a set of data. This is particularly useful when we’re tasked with identifying the largest, smallest, or most/least frequent elements within an unsorted collection.

To solve tasks like these, one might think to sort the entire collection first, which takes O(nlog(n))O(n \log(n)) time, and then select the top k elements, taking additional O( ...