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Solution: Perfect Squares

Explore how to determine the smallest number of perfect squares summing to an integer by applying the Four-Square and Three-Square theorems. Understand and implement an optimized algorithm that uses mathematical insights, enabling faster and elegant coding solutions for interview challenges.

Statement

Given an integer, n, return the least number of perfect square numbers that sum to n.

A perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer. In other words, it is an integer that is the result of multiplying a whole integer by itself. For example, 11, ...