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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns in JavaScript

Solution: Data Stream as Disjoint Intervals

Explore how to implement a Summary Ranges class that summarizes a stream of integers as sorted disjoint intervals. Learn to efficiently merge, extend, or connect intervals with each new number while maintaining optimal data structure performance. This lesson teaches the core algorithm, insertion logic, and complexity analysis needed to solve related coding interview problems confidently.

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Statement

You are given a stream of non-negative integers a1,a2,…,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n. At any point, you need to summarize all numbers seen so far as a list of disjoint intervals.

Your task is to implement the Summary Ranges class, where:

  • Constructor: Initializes the Summary Ranges object with an empty stream.

  • Add Num(int value): Adds the integer value to the stream.

  • Get Intervals(): Returns the current summary of numbers as a list of disjoint intervals [start_i, end_i], sorted by start_i.

Note: Each number belongs to exactly one interval. Intervals must merge whenever new numbers connect or extend existing ones, and duplicate insertions should not affect the summary.

Constraints:

  • ...