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Solution: Sort an Array

Explore how to implement heap sort for sorting integer arrays efficiently within O(n log n) time and minimal space. Understand building a max heap, in-place sorting, and tradeoffs between stability and performance.

Statement

Given an integer array, nums, sort it in ascending order and return the sorted array.

You must implement the sorting algorithm yourself; do not use any built-in sorting functions. The solution must run in O(nlogn)O(n \log n) time and use the minimum possible extra space.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq nums.length ...