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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns

Solution: Count Subarrays With Fixed Bounds

Understand how to apply the two-pointers approach to count fixed-bound subarrays in an integer array. Learn to track key positions and efficiently calculate the total valid subarrays that include given bounds, optimizing from a brute-force method to a linear time solution.

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Statement

Given an integer array, nums, and two integers minK and maxK, return the number of fixed-bound subarrays.

A subarray in nums is called a fixed-bound subarray if it satisfies the following conditions:

  1. The smallest value in the subarray equals minK.

  2. The largest value in the subarray equals maxK.

Note: A subarray is a contiguous sequence of elements within an array.

Constraints:

  • 2≤2 \leq nums.length ≤103\leq 10^{3} ...