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Solution: Sort an Array

Explore how to sort an integer array in ascending order using heap sort, an in-place algorithm that ensures O(n log n) time complexity and minimal extra space. Understand step-by-step heap construction, extraction, and re-heapification to achieve efficient and stable sorting suitable for coding interviews.

Statement

Given an integer array, nums, sort it in ascending order and return the sorted array.

You must implement the sorting algorithm yourself; do not use any built-in sorting functions. The solution must run in O(nlogn)O(n \log n) time and use the minimum possible extra space.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq nums.length ...