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Solution: Perfect Squares

Explore how to determine the minimum number of perfect square numbers that sum to a given integer. Understand the application of the Four-Square and Three-Square theorems to create a fast algorithm that checks conditions to solve the problem efficiently without exhaustive search.

Statement

Given an integer, n, return the least number of perfect square numbers that sum to n.

A perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer. In other words, it is an integer that is the result of multiplying a whole integer by itself. For example, 11, ...