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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns

Solution: Sum of All Subset XOR Totals

Explore how to calculate the sum of XOR totals for every subset of a given integer array by applying bitwise manipulation. Understand the use of bitwise OR to aggregate set bits and leverage subset patterns to optimize the computation without generating all subsets, improving efficiency.

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Statement

Given an array of integers, nums, compute and return the sum of XOR totals for all its possible subsets.

  • A subset is any combination of elements from the original array, nums. This includes the empty subset (containing no elements) and the subset that includes all array elements.

  • The XOR total of a subset results from applying the XOR operation to all the elements in that subset.

Note: If the nums array has duplicate elements, then ...