The Callback Pattern: Synchronous vs. Asynchronous (II)

Using synchronous APIs

The lesson to learn from the unleashing Zalgo example is that it is imperative for an API to clearly define its nature: either synchronous or asynchronous.

One possible fix for our inconsistentRead() function is to make it completely synchronous. This is possible because Node.js provides a set of synchronous direct style APIs for most basic I/O operations. For example, we can use the fs.readFileSync() function in place of its asynchronous counterpart. The code would become as follows: