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Problem: Minimum Window Substring

Explore how to solve the minimum window substring problem by applying two-pointer sliding window techniques. This lesson teaches you to track character frequencies efficiently with hash maps, shrink and expand windows dynamically, and optimize search for the smallest substring containing all required characters. You will understand algorithmic design and time complexity analysis, strengthening your skills in string processing using Java.

Statement

Given two strings s and t of lengths m and n, respectively, find the minimum window substring of s that contains every character in t, including duplicate characters. If no such substring exists, return an empty string "".

The test cases are generated such that the answer is always unique.

Note: Can you find an algorithm that runs in O(m+n)O(m + n) time?

Constraints:

  • m ==== s.length

  • n ==== t.length

  • 11 \leq m, n 105\leq 10^5 ...