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Problem: Vertical Order Traversal of a Binary Tree

Explore how to perform vertical order traversal of a binary tree by implementing a breadth-first search that tracks each node's position. Learn to group nodes by columns, sort them by row and value, and return a structured list representing the vertical traversal order.

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Statement

Given the root of a binary tree, compute the vertical order traversal of the tree.

Each node is assigned a position (row,col)(row, col). The root is located at position (0,0)(0, 0). For any node at position (row,col)(row, col), its left child is at position (row+1,col−1)(row + 1, col - 1) and its right child is at position (row+1,col+1)(row + 1, col + 1) ...