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Problem: Kth Smallest Element in a BST

Explore how to find the kth smallest element in a binary search tree by applying an iterative inorder traversal. Learn to use a stack to control the traversal process and optimize performance, understanding the time and space complexity in different scenarios.

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Statement

Given the root of a binary search tree and an integer k, return the kthk^{th} smallest value (11-indexed) among all node values in the tree.

Note: If the BST is modified frequently (i.e., with insert and delete operations) and you need to find the kthk^{th} smallest element repeatedly, how would you optimize your approach?

Constraints:

  • The number of nodes in the tree is n.

  • 1≤1 \leq k ≤\leq n ≤104\leq 10^4 ...