Advanced Programming Techniques in D

Takeaway Skills

Learning about lifetimes of variables and type conversions

Understanding the concepts related to structs, classes and interfaces

Learning the use of templates

Learning about ranges

Understanding parallelism in D

Learning about lifetimes of variables and type conversions

Understanding the concepts related to structs, classes and interfaces

Learning the use of templates

Learning about ranges

Understanding parallelism in D

Course Overview

D is a multi-paradigm programming language that combines a wide range of powerful programming concepts from the lowest to the highest levels. It emphasizes memory safety, program correctness, and pragmatism. This course will teach you advanced D concepts, so it’s recommended to get the... See More

How You'll Learn

Hands-on coding environments

You don’t get better at swimming by watching others. Coding is no different. Practice as you learn with live code environments inside your browser.

Faster than videos

Videos are holding you back. The average video tutorial is spoken at 150 words per minute, while you can read at 250. That‘s why our courses are text-based.

No set-up required

Start learning immediately instead of fiddling with SDKs and IDEs. It‘s all on the cloud.

Progress you can show

Built in assessments let you test your skills. Completion certificates let you show them off.

Hands-on coding environments

You don’t get better at swimming by watching others. Coding is no different. Practice as you learn with live code environments inside your browser.

Faster than videos

Videos are holding you back. The average video tutorial is spoken at 150 words per minute, while you can read at 250. That‘s why our courses are text-based.

No set-up required

Start learning immediately instead of fiddling with SDKs and IDEs. It‘s all on the cloud.

Progress you can show

Built in assessments let you test your skills. Completion certificates let you show them off.

Course Contents

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1. Introduction

What to Expect

2. Lifetimes, null Value and the is Operator

Lifetimes

Fundamental Operations

Null Value & is Operator

Assigning the null Value

Summary

Quiz on Lifetimes, null Values and is Operator

3. Type Conversions

Automatic Type Conversions

Arithmetic and Slice Conversions

const, enum, immutable, and bool Conversions

Explicit Type Conversions

Summary

Quiz on Type Conversions

4. Structs

Definition of Structs

Construction

Copying and Assignment

Struct Literals and Static Members

Challenge: Lets Play Cards

Solution: Lets Play Cards

Quiz on Structs

5. Variable Number of Parameters

Default Arguments

Special Keywords as Default Arguments

Variadic Functions

Variadic Function Arguments Lifetime

Challenge: Perform the Calculation

Solution: Perform the Calculation

Quiz on Default Arguments and Variadic Functions

6. Function Overloading and Member Functions

Function Overloading and Overload Resolution

Function Overloading for User-Defined Types

Challenge: Overload a Function

Solution: Overload a Function

Member Functions

Member Function Example

const ref Parameters

const and inout Member Functions

Quiz on Functions Overloading and Member Functions

7. Constructor and Other Special Functions

Constructor: Introduction

Compiler-Generated Constructor

User-Defined Constructors and the Use of static opCall()

Constructor Qualifiers

Immutability and Type Conversions

Destructor

Postblit

Assignment Operator

Summary

Quiz on Constructors

8. Operator Overloading

Learn Operator Overloading

Overloadable Operators

Element Indexing and Slicing Operators

Defining Multiple Operators

Return Types of Operators

opEquals()

opCmp()

opCall()

Indexing Operators

Slicing Operators

opCast()

opDispatch() and opBinaryRight()

Challenge: Make the Unit Tests Pass

Solution: Make the Unit Tests Pass

Quiz on Operator Overloading

9. Introduction to Classes

Comparing With Structs

Copying and Assignment

Definition, Construction, and Destruction

Member Access and Member Functions

The is and !is Operator

Summary

Quiz on Classes

10. Inheritance

Introduction

Inheritance Hierarchy

Superclass Members

Overriding the Definitions of Member Functions

Using the Subclass in Place of the Superclass

Abstract Member Functions and Abstract Classes

Example

Challenge: Implement Inheritance Hierarchy

Solution: Implement Inheritance Hierarchy

Summary

Quiz on Inheritance

11. The Object Class

typeid and TypeInfo

toString and opEquals

opCmp

toHash

Challenge: Implement opEquals Function for a Class

Solution: Implement opEquals Function for a Class

Quiz on Object

12. Interfaces

Interface Inheritance

static Member Functions

final Member Functions

Abstraction

Example

Summary

Quiz on Interfaces

13. destroy and scoped

destroy()

destroy() Example

scoped()

Quiz on destroy( ) and scoped()

14. Modules and Libraries

Module

Importing Modules

Libraries

Quiz on Modules and Libraries

15. Encapsulation and Protection Attributes

Encapsulation

Protection Attributes

Module Imports and the Use of Encapsulation

Example of Encapsulation in D

Quiz on Encapsulation and Protection Attributes

16. UFCS, Properties and Contract Programming

Universal Function Call Syntax

Properties

Property Functions

Use of Properties

Preconditions and Postconditions

invariant Blocks

Contract Inheritance

Quiz on UFCS , Properties and Contract Programming

17. Templates

Introduction

Function Templates

Type Deduction and Explicit Type Specification

Template Instantiation and Template Specializations

Struct and Class Templates

Default Template Parameters and Template Instantiation

Class Template Example

Function Template Example

Quiz on Templates

18. Pragmas, alias and with

pragma(msg) and pragma(lib)

pragma(inline)

pragma(startaddress) and pragma(mangle)

alias: Shortening a Long Name

alias: Design Flexibility

alias: Revealing Hidden Names of Superclasses

alias this

with

Quiz on Pragmas, alias and with

19. Pointers

The Concept of a Reference

Syntax

Pointer Value and the Address-of Operator &

The Access Operator and the Dot Operator

Modifying the Value of a Pointer

Use of Pointers with Arrays

void* Pointers and Pointers in Logical Expressions

Use of new, .ptr and in Operator with Pointers

When to Use Pointers

Example: A Simple Linked List

Example: Observing the Contents of Memory by ubyte*

Challenge: Swap the Numbers

Solution: Swap the Numbers

Quiz on Pointers

20. Bit Operations

Representation of data at the lowest level

Binary Number System

Hexadecimal Number System

Bit Operations

Semantics

Common Uses

Challenge: Convert ipv4 Address to its Dotted Form

Solution: Convert ipv4 Address to its Dotted Form

Challenge: Convert Four Octet Values to the Corresponding 32-bit

Solution: Convert Four Octet Values to the Corresponding 32-bit

Challenge: Make a Mask of Specified Width

Solution: Make a Mask of Specified Width

Quiz on Bit Operations

21. Conditional Compilation

Introduction

debug

version(tag) and version(level)

static(if), static(assert) and Type Traits

is Expression

is (T == Specifier)

is (T identifier == Specifier)

is (/* ... */ Specifier, TemplateParamList)

Quiz on Conditional Compilation

22. Function Pointers, Delegates, and Lambdas

Function Pointers

Function Pointer as a Parameter & a Member

Anonymous Functions

Delegates

Delegate Properties, Lazy Parameters & Lazy Variadic Functions

`toString()` with a Delegate Parameter

Chapter Summary

Quiz on Function Pointers, Delegates, and Lambdas

23. foreach with Structs and Classes

foreach Support by Range Member Functions

opApply & opApplyReverse Member Functions

Loop Counter

Challenge: Designing a NumberRange Struct

Solution: Design a NumberRange Struct

Nested Functions, Structs, and Classes

Quiz on Use of foreach with Struct and Classes

24. Unions, Labels, goto and Tuples

Unions

Anonymous Unions and Dissecting Other Members

union Examples

Labels and goto

Tuples: tuple()

Tuples: AliasSeq

Tuples: .tupleof property

Quiz on Unions, Labels, goto, and Tuples

25. More Templates

The Shortcut Syntax

Kinds of Templates

Template Parameters: Type and Value

Template Parameters: this and alias

Template Parameters: Tuple

typeof Varieties

Template Specializations and Meta Programming

Compile-Time Polymorphism and Code Bloat

Template Constraints

Named Template Constraints

Using Templates in Multi-Dimensional Operator Overloading

Multi-Dimensional Operator Overloading Example

Summary

Quiz on Templates

26. More Functions

Return Type Attributes: auto and ref

Return Type Attributes: auto ref and inout

Behavioral Attributes: pure

Behavioral Attributes: nothrow and @nogc

Code Safety Attributes

Compile Time Function Execution (CTFE)

Summary

Quiz on Functions

27. Mixins

Template Mixins

String Mixins

Mixin Name Spaces

Mixins in Operator Overloading and Destructors

Importing Text Files

Example

Quiz on Mixins

28. Ranges

Introduction and History

Use of Ranges in D

Phobos Ranges

InputRange

Use of Slices as Ranges

Decoding of Strings as Ranges of dchar

Ranges Without Actual Elements

Infinite Ranges and Functions that Return Ranges

std.range and std.algorithm Modules

ForwardRange and BidirectionalRange

RandomAccessRange: Infinite

RandomAccessRange: Finite

OutputRange

Using Slices as OutputRange

Range Kind Templates

ElementType and Other Range Templates

Run-time Polymorphism with Ranges

Summary

Quiz on Ranges

29. static foreach and Parallelism

static foreach

Parallelism

taskPool.parallel()

Task

Exception Catching and Member Functions of Task

taskPool.asyncBuf()

taskPool.map() and taskPool.amap()

taskPool.reduce()

Tuple Results with Multiple functions and TaskPool

Summary

Quiz on static foreach and Parallelism

30. Message Passing Concurrency

Concepts

Starting Threads

Thread Identifiers

Message Passing

Message Passing: Example

Expecting Different Types of Messages

Exceptions During the Execution of the Worker

Detecting Thread Termination

Mailbox Management

Priority Messages and Thread Names

Summary

Quiz on Message Passing Concurrency

31. Data Sharing Concurrency

Sharing Data Between Threads

A Race Condition Example

Using synchronized to Avoid Race Conditions

static this() and Atomic Operations

Summary

Quiz on Data Sharing Concurrency

32. Fibers

Call Stack

Usage

Fibers in Range Implementations

Presenting Fibers as Ranges

Fibers in Asynchronous Input and Output

Exceptions and Fibers

Cooperative Multitasking

Summary

Quiz on Fibers

33. Memory Management

Memory

The Garbage Collector

Allocating Memory

Memory Block Attributes

Alignment: The .alignof Property

Alignment: The .offsetof Property

Constructing Variables at Specific Memory Locations

Construction and Destructions of Objects

Summary

Quiz on Memory Management

34. User Defined Attributes (UDA) and Operator Precedence

User-Defined Attributes (UDA)

UDA Example

The Benefit of UDA

Operator Precedence

Quiz on UDA and Operator Precedence

35. Conclusion

Wrap Up!