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Methods of Device Interaction

Understand how operating systems communicate with I/O devices by exploring the two main methods: explicit I/O instructions that use privileged commands, and memory-mapped I/O which treats device registers as memory. Learn the advantages and use cases of each method to grasp efficient device interaction in modern systems.

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Now that we have some sense of the efficiency issues involved with performing I/O, there are a few other problems we need to handle to incorporate devices into modern systems. One problem you may have noticed thus far: we have not really said anything about how the OS actually communicates with the device! Thus, the problem:

THE CRUX: HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH DEVICES

How should the hardware ...