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System Architecture

Explore how operating systems manage system architecture to optimize interaction with I O devices. Understand the hierarchical bus structures connecting the CPU, memory, and peripherals to enhance overall system performance within modern computing environments.

Prototypical system architecture

To begin our discussion, let’s look at a “classical” diagram of a typical system, given below.

The picture shows a single CPU attached to the main memory of the system via some kind of memory bus or interconnect. Some devices are connected to the system via a general I/O bus, which in many modern systems would be PCI (or one of its many derivatives); graphics and some other higher-performance I/O devices might be found here. Finally, even lower down are one or more of what we call a peripheral bus, such as SCSI, SATA, or USB. These connect slow devices to the system, ...